# Core Models Library ```{image} fm-2x.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## FM-2X The FM-2X model is a 2-operator carrier/modulator FM kick. The carrier is a sub-bass oscillator with frequency controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The carrier operator itself is a wavetable oscillator, and {guilabel}`COLOR` controls the wavetable position: - To a square waveform in the counterclockwise position, - To a sinus waveform in the center position, - To a triangle waveform in the clockwise position, And waveforms interpolation in-between. The modulator operator modulates the frequency of the carrier to bring the transient typical of FM-based bass kicks. {guilabel}`ATTACK` will control the frequency modulation amount of the first operator to the second, while {guilabel}`TRS DECAY` controls the duration at which the frequency modulation will decay, from 10ms to 100ms. The modulator operator is itself as well a wavetable oscillator, and {guilabel}`TRS TONE` controls the wavetable position, from counterclockwise to clockwise: - Square, - Derived Square, - Quarter Sinus, - Sinus, - Half Sinus, - Alternating Sinus, - "Camel" Sinus, - Positive Sinus, And waveforms interpolation in-between. Those waveforms are similar to the [OPL3 waveforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_OPL#OPL3). The ratio between the carrier frequency and the modulator frequency can be adjusted in the model variations menus using the `RATIO` menu. The possible ratio values are 0.5, 1 to 10, 12 and 15. Another instance of those two operators is used for the Repetition sound source of the Groove expander. ```{image} hpn.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## HPN (Available Soon) ```{note} [Register now](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSejDS4-5lSJu10RVo3Le0XZwoGzKYfNF74uzbf128DU1iingQ/viewform) to get early access to HPN. ``` The HPN model is a wavetable oscillator kick combined with drum layering samples made from synthesized transients (FM hihats and FM snares), which sound "softer" than models like SP-6 or WT-4. This model also completely redefines the Groove circuit compared to other models: instead of repetitions of the Bohm kick, Groove plays a random sequence of notes generated with the same wavetable oscillator as the kick, routed through a delay and an effects chain. The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls the amount and duration of high frequency transients produced, by varying the wavetable position: - Fully counterclockwise, the wavetable oscillator is just a sinus - As the knob is turned clockwise, the oscillator sounds more distorted in the transient phase of the kick, but the tail remains a sinus - Fully clockwise, the wavetable oscillator only reaches the sinus position if the {guilabel}`LENGTH` is long enough The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu. Drum layering samples can be changed using the `LAYER` model variation menu. The Bohm FX menu also includes a new `LPF` option, in addition to the existing `TUBE`, `BASS`, `SOFT`, etc. When `LPF` is selected, {guilabel}`FX` controls the cut-off frequency. The Groove circuit uses another instance of the same wavetable oscillator, sharing the Bohm {guilabel}`COLOR` setting, to play a random sequence of notes. Each {guilabel}`CLOCK` trigger advances the sequence by one step and produces the next note: - `SEQ LEN` sets the length of the sequence, from 3 to 16 steps - `SEQ SEED` selects the random seed used to generate the sequence - `SCALE` selects the musical scale the notes are drawn from (major, minor, chromatic, etc.) - Groove {guilabel}`LENGTH` controls the length of each individual note - Groove {guilabel}`PITCH` transposes the entire sequence - Groove {guilabel}`COLOR` controls the range of sequence pitches and the cutoff of a low-pass filter, whose slope can be set to -24dB/oct or -12dB/oct using the `LP` menu - `SOFTEN` limits the clickiness of each note ```{important} Groove requires {guilabel}`CLOCK` to be triggered in order to produce sound. ``` The FX section is a delay followed by a selectable effect, which can be a `COMB` filter, a `FILTER`, or one of several Ohmicide-based distortions. When an Ohmicide-based distortion is selected, two additional parameters become adjustable: - `SHAPE` selects the dynamics shape, from `SHARP` (expander) through `NEUTRAL` (no effect) to `PHAT` (compression) - `BODY` sets the amount of compression or expansion ```{image} hz-1.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## HZ-1 The HZ-1 model is a wavetable oscillator kick combined with a transient synthesizer. The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls the amount and duration of high frequency transients produced, by varying the wavetable position: - Fully counterclockwise, the wavetable oscillator is just a sinus - As the knob is turned clockwise, the oscillator sounds more distorted in the transient phase of the kick, but the tail remains a sinus - Fully clockwise, the wavetable oscillator only reaches the sinus position if the {guilabel}`LENGTH` is long enough The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu, which a choice of "analog-style" waveforms. The transient synthesizer type of click can be configured using the `CLK` model variation menu, with a choice of different clicks, pops, ticks, and tocs. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the transient synthesizer. ```{image} olp4.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## OLP4 The OLP4 model is a 4-operator FM kick, insipired by the [OPL3 chip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_OPL#OPL3). It is probably the most experimental model of the library. The 4 operators are themselves as many wavetable oscillators, using the same waveforms as described upper in the FM-2X model. This time however, those waveforms are not interpolated and can be selected using the `WF1` and `WF2` model varations menus: - `WF1` selects the waveform for operator 1 and 3, - `WF1` selects the waveform for operator 2 and 4. The operators can be arranged in different configurations called "algorithms": - `12`: operator 1 into operator 2, then to out, - `1//2`, operator 1 and 2 in parallel, summed to out, - `1234`, operator 1 to operator 4 in serie, then to out, - `12//34`, operator into operator 2, in parallel of operator 3 into operator 4, summed to out, - `1//234`, operator 1 in parallel of operator 2 to operator 4 in serie, summed to out, - `1//23//4`, operator 1 in parallel of operator 2 into operator 3 and operator 4, summed to out. ```{image} olp4-algos.svg :width: 100% :align: center ``` {guilabel}`TRS TONE` controls the amount of FM feedback from operator 3 to operator 1, which makes it more noisy. {guilabel}`COLOR` is inactive. ```{image} pm-k1.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## PM-K1 The PM-K1 model is a physical model of an acoustic bass drum. This model is completely different from the others, and as such, all the parameters have a different meaning: - {guilabel}`PITCH` controls the size and tension of the bass drum, - {guilabel}`ATTACK` controls the volume of the beater, typically captured at the microphone dedicated hole, - {guilabel}`TRS TONE` controls the decay of the reverberation of the beater, leading to a more dark or brigther tone, - {guilabel}`SUSTAIN` controls the volume of the ambiant microphone, and {guilabel}`LENGTH` the size of the room, - {guilabel}`FX` controls the stereo spread of the ambiant microphone, from mono counterclockwise to wide clockwise. All the other controls are inactive. The Groove expander is not supported with this model. ```{image} px3.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## PX3 The PX3 model is a wavetable oscillator kick with weird wavetables combined with drum layering samples made of various objects hitting diverse surfaces, post-processed with reverbs and distortions. It tends to sound "harder" and "more experimental" than most other models. The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls a function which modulates the wavetable position. The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu. Drum layering samples can be changed using the `LAYER` model variation menu. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the drum layering sampler. ```{image} sp-6.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## SP-6 The SP-6 model is a wavetable oscillator kick with "digital-sounding" wavetables combined with drum layering samples made from synthesized transients (FM hihats and FM snares). The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls the amount and duration of high frequency transients produced, by varying the wavetable position: - Fully counterclockwise, the wavetable oscillator is just a sinus - As the knob is turned clockwise, the oscillator sounds more distorted in the transient phase of the kick, but the tail remains a sinus - Fully clockwise, the wavetable oscillator only reaches the sinus position if the {guilabel}`LENGTH` is long enough The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu. Drum layering samples can be changed using the `LAYER` model variation menu. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the drum layering sampler. ```{image} vx-t.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## VX-T The VX-T model is a wavetable oscillator kick combined with a transient synthesizer. The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls the amount and duration of high frequency transients produced, by varying the wavetable position: - Fully counterclockwise, the wavetable oscillator is just a sinus - As the knob is turned clockwise, the oscillator sounds more distorted in the transient phase of the kick, but the tail remains a sinus - Fully clockwise, the wavetable oscillator only reaches the sinus position if the {guilabel}`LENGTH` is long enough The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu, which a choice of "analog-style" waveforms. The transient synthesizer is a 4-operator FM based configuration, where {guilabel}`TRS DECAY` controls the amplitude decay, effectively leading in "toc" sounds counterclockwise and hihat sounds clockwise. The synthesizer is then fed to a band-pass filter for which {guilabel}`TRS TONE` controls the center frequency. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the transient synthesizer. ```{image} wt-4.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## WT-4 The WT-4 model is a wavetable oscillator kick with "analog-sounding" wavetables combined with drum layering samples made from synthesized transients (FM hihats and FM snares). The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The {guilabel}`COLOR` parameter controls the amount and duration of high frequency transients produced, by varying the wavetable position: - Fully counterclockwise, the wavetable oscillator is just a sinus - As the knob is turned clockwise, the oscillator sounds more distorted in the transient phase of the kick, but the tail remains a sinus - Fully clockwise, the wavetable oscillator only reaches the sinus position if the {guilabel}`LENGTH` is long enough The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu. Drum layering samples can be changed using the `LAYER` model variation menu. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the drum layering sampler. ```{image} xt-88.png :width: 20% :align: right ``` ## XT-88 The XT-88 model is a wavetable oscillator kick combined with drum layering samples, where the user can load their own wavetables and samples. There are 2 folders on the sd card, `wavetables` and `samples`. The user can place their files in the corresponding folder. Only the WAVE file format is supported. The wavetables must be in the following format: - Either generated from Xfer Records Serum or Serum 2, and a 2048 cycle length is assumed, - Or Mono, 32-bit float, and a 1024 cycle length is assumed. Additionally, a maximum of 16 wavetables can be loaded, or until the wavetable 1.4 Mbytes dedicated memory is full. The samples must be in the following format: - Mono or stereo - 16-bit, 24-bit integer or 32-bit float - 48kHz Additionally, a maximum of 256 samples can be loaded, or until the sample 14 Mbytes dedicated memory is full. The wavetable oscillator is frequency-controlled by {guilabel}`PITCH` and its {guilabel}`CURVE`, and amplitude-controlled by {guilabel}`ATTACK`, {guilabel}`SUSTAIN`, {guilabel}`LENGTH` and {guilabel}`VELOCITY` as described in the {doc}`/functions/index` chapter. The wavetable waveform itself can be changed using the `WT` model variation menu, and will display the loaded wavetables of the user. {guilabel}`COLOR` controls the wavetable position. Then a modulated EQ filter is applied to the output of the wavetable oscillator, which brightness can be tuned using the `BRIGHT` model variation menu. Drum layering samples can be changed using the `LAYER` model variation menu, and will display the loaded samples of the user. The `LAYER VOL` variation menu allows to change the layering sample volume. Another instance of the wavetable oscillator is used for the Repetition sound source, but without the drum layering sampler.